WordPress displays a number of Site Health Checks in your Dashboard. These may be displayed as a widget on your Dashboard's home screen, or can be viewed from the Site Health screen in your Dashboard.
The Health Checks cover a number of different elements, divided into categories of Security or Performance.
As with any automated tests, it's not 100% reliable and some checks are more important than others.
For a full run down of each check, whether it's prone to false positives, and how important it is, please see our blog post, WordPress Site Health Checks Explained.